L’imprimatura
Qu’est ce que c’est ?
Il est bien entendu possible de peindre directement sur un fond blanc mais de nombreux artistes préfèrent travailler sur un léger voile de couleurs appelées imprimatura (impression en Français) , afin de disposer d’un ton neutre qui permettra de mieux évaluer les clairs et les obscurs. L’impression colorée adoucie l’éclat éblouissant du blanc de la toile et unifie les éléments du tableau final.
En général, on choisit un coloris neutre assez discret. Toutefois il est également possible de prendre une couleur complémentaire des nuances dominantes de la composition par exemple : un fond rouge apportera un bel éclat au paysage à dominante verte. Pensez également au fonds harmonique : bleu gris pour une marine, rose pour un coucher de soleil.
Diluer la couleur avec quelques gouttes d’essence térébenthine avant de la poser sur la toile à grands coups de pinceau ou de chiffon. Ce voile de couleurs doit être assez fins pour sécher rapidement et pour que les couches suivantes adhèrent bien au support.
Laissez sécher l’impression au moins une journée avant de continuer. Si vous peignez souvent, préparez plusieurs toiles avec des imprimatura différentes afin de toujours disposer d’un support prêt à peindre quelque soit le sujet.
Un autre avantage de l’imprimatura est de vaincre « la peur de la toile blanche », en effet beaucoup de peintres amateurs ou même professionnels éprouvent une angoisse devant la toile blanche, recouvrir celle-ci d’une couleur facilite les premiers pas de l’élaboration d’une toile.
ll ne faut pas confondre les termes « enduit » et « impression » qui sont assez souvent utilisés sous le terme générique de « couche d’impression ». L’enduit est nécessaires pour préparer la toile à être peinte en facilitant l’accrochage des couleurs qui composeront le tableau en protégeant la toile des agressions de l’huile, de l’humidité et des variations de température.
Avantages des imprimaturas ou impressions
L’impression, elle, joue un rôle esthétique et est constitué d’une ou de plusieurs couches de couleurs plus ou moins fines.
Les couleurs principalement utilisées lors de l’impression sont souvent des ocres jaunes, des roses, des bleus gris, des rouges, des gris, ou des bruns.
Le choix de cette couleur est très important car, bien que recouverte par les autres couches, sa tonalité sera toujours présente dans l’ensemble de la toile.
Il faut éviter d’utiliser des couleurs trop foncées ou trop clair car celle-ci modifie la perception des couleurs que nous allons poser par la suite sur la toile.
<—- Exemple d’imprimatura ocre
Conseils
Le choix, par exemple, d’une impression noire limitera les tonalités utilisables par la suite puisqu’il sera impossible de choisir une couleur plus foncé que le fond. Généralement les couleurs choisit seront d’une tonalité moyenne , par exemple :
- Le blanc pour les sujets en pleine lumière (plein air, paysages ensoleillés)
- l’ocre jaune et les roses pour les lumières chaudes du soir, les carnations dorées, les paysages neigeux (ce qui permettra de tempérer la froideur des blancs)
- le gris clair est idéal pour les demi-teintes et lumières douces (intérieurs, ciels voilés)
- le brun et l’ocre rouge pour les lumières intimistes, les atmosphères chargées (natures mortes sur fond sombre, paysages nocturnes ou d’orage)
2sportsman février 17, 2022 @ 2:30
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