Les frottis
Qu’est ce que c’est ?
La technique du frottis s’apparente à celle du glacis si on applique la couleur diluée, légèrement sèche, sur la couche précédente. En se superposant aux couleurs du fonds, ce voile léger provoque un mélange optique des couleurs et accentue la profondeur du tableau.
Pour que la couleur diluée soit suffisamment sèche, passer rapidement les soies de la brosse sur un chiffon pour ôter toute trace excessive d’humidité. Posez le frottis, sans trop insister, en vigoureux coups de pinceau qui laisseront leurs marques sur la toile. Travailler d’un geste souple et fluide.
L’application de glacis et de frottis en couches successives compose de subtiles harmonies de couleurs tout en renforçant l’intérêt tactile du tableau , un aspect important de toute oeuvre peinte.
Le frottis est un moyen de modifier la couleur tout en gardant la vivacité de la peinture. Une mince pellicule de couleur, semi-opaque sèche, est grossièrement appliquée à la brosse sur la sous couche sèche, créant un délicat voile de couleurs. La couche sous-jacente n’étant que partiellement recouverte, elle ressort sous la peinture frottée.
Il s’agit de frotter – voire d’effleurer – une surface de sorte que la peinture ne se dépose que sur ces aspérités. La granulation, la trame ou les motifs en relief sont ainsi soulignés tandis que l’image ainsi partiellement recouverte demeure visible
Chargez la brosse de peinture pure légèrement diluée, et essuyez la sur un chiffon ou sur la palette pour ôter tout excédent.
Frottez légèrement la peinture sur le support avec des mouvements libres et vigoureux, afin de produire un voile très léger de couleurs.
Il s’agit d’une technique qui permet de modifier une couleur sans que celle-ci perde sa fraîcheur d’origine. Le frottis s’obtient en appliquant une fine couche de couleur sèche et semi-opaque posée de façon irrégulière sur un autre couche sèche et la recouvrant ainsi d’un voile délicat.
La couche supérieure ne masque que partiellement celle du dessous, la laissant apparaître çà et là.
C’est ainsi qu’un frottis blanc sur un fond noir donne l’impression de bleus qui se transforment en violet si on les recouvre de cramoisi.
Titien fût un adepte des frottis et sût les utiliser pour enrichir ses œuvres.
Avantages des frottis
- Transcription d’effets immatériels : brume, vapeurs, fumées , reflets dans les cheveux, drapés.
- Il se distingue du glacis car il ne voile pas complètement la couche du dessous.
- Utilisé dans l’exécution de certaines masses ou surfaces comme les fonds.
- Apporte une profondeur, du « mystère ».
- Créé une texture comme du bois ciré, un voile comme de la fumée.
Conseils
- Passer le pinceau avec des frottements circulaires ou de va-et-vient.
- On doit utiliser une couleur sèche et semi-opaque.
- Le frottis doit être plus clair que le fond.
- Une couleur chaude ou froide peut être modifiée en frottant par-dessus une couleur de température contrastée.
- On doit utiliser une couleur sèche et semi-opaque.
- Ne pas trop charger sa brosse aux couleurs.
- La couche doit être irrégulière, trop fondre les couleurs enlève l’intérêt du frottis.
- Passer le pinceau avec des frottements circulaires ou de va-et-vient.
- Utiliser des brosses dures.
- Il est possible de rajouter très peu de blanc de titane pour éclaircir les glacis et le rendre semi-opaque.
- L’exécution doit être faite avec peu de couleurs et graduellement.
- Prendre des brosses en soies de porcs usées car les frottis abîment beaucoup les pinceaux.
- Les frottis peuvent être effectués avec des chiffons propres qui ne peluchent pas.
Toile de TITIEN utilisant les frottis .
Les frottis se trouvent principalement sur le col de l’habit
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