Les graduations
- Qu’est ce que c’est ?
Dégrader une couleur, c’est l’éclaircir progressivement soit en la diluant, soit en lui ajoutant du blanc , soit en la mélangeant à une seconde couleur, ce qui aboutira invariablement, pour cette dernière solution, à l’apparition d’une troisième teinte.
Le choix d’une de ces méthodes est personnel et dépend aussi du but à atteindre.
DEGRADES D’UNE COULEUR
DÉGRADÉS – A l’aide d’un diluant ( white spirit ou térébenthine).
Il suffit de diluer progressivement une couleur pure avec un diluant de votre choix. La couleur s’éclaircira jusqu’à obtention d’un blanc légèrement coloré.
Peindre une bande de couleur pure (ici du rouge de cadmium foncé) sur environ un quart de la surface du dégradé.
Nettoyer le pinceau et trempez le dans le diluant.
Passer le pinceau humide sur la partie inférieure de la bande déjà peinte.
Descendre jusqu’au bas du dégradé en trempant régulièrement le pinceau dans le diluant.
Nous remarquerons que la couleur ( à droite) n’a pas changé, seule sa valeur à été modifiée.
Nous avons dilué les pigments contenus dans la pâte et avons profité de la couleur(blanche ici) du fond de la toile. Dans ce cas nous nous rapprochons de technique du glacis.
A gauche nous utilisons un mélange de blanc, notre rouge passe alors du rouge au rose,
DÉGRADÉS – A l’aide de peinture blanche.
Cette technique présente plusieurs inconvénients : le blanc change certaines couleurs lorsqu’il est mélangé à celles ci : par exemple un rouge deviendra un rose, pas un rouge clair. On dit aussi que le blanc à tendance à griser les couleurs.
Par ailleurs, le temps de séchage d’une couleur mélangée avec du blanc est augmenté et peu aller jusqu’à 3 ou 4 jours, sauf si vous utilisez du blanc d’argent.
Enfin le blanc rend le mélange opaque, ce qui n’est pas forcément un défaut.
Peindre une bande de couleur pure (ici du bleu de Prusse ) sur environ un quart de la surface du dégradé.
Sur la palette, mélangez le blanc à la couleur pure .
Peindre une seconde bande à l’aide du mélange ,juste en dessous de la première couleur,en fusionnant légèrement les deux bandes .
Peindre plusieurs bande de plus en plus claires, en ajoutant progressivement de plus en plus de blanc à la première couleur de base.
Pour fondre les couleurs, utilisez un pinceau imprégné de térébenthine ou un pinceau doux.
Comparez bien ce résultat avec celui obtenu précédemment .
L’un joue avec la transparence, l’autre avec l’opacité.
Le dégradé de droite à, ensuite, été fusionné avec des pinceaux en poils de martre.
NOTE
Pour un dégradé plus progressif, peignez des bandes étroites, en couches plus légères, avant d’exécuter les fondus.
DÉGRADÉ BICOLORE .
Pour obtenir un dégradé parfait , la teinte médiane doit créer une transition naturelle entre les deux couleurs de base. Un dégradé bicolore donne forcément naissance à une troisième couleur de intermédiaire. qui ne doit en aucun cas ‘trancher’ sur les autres couleurs.
- Un dégradé de ce type demande beaucoup de soins , de temps et de précision ainsi que des pinceaux très propres.
- Passer la première zone (ici, rouge de cadmium ) . Pour l’étirer plus facilement,
- Trempez la brosse dans de l’essence de térébenthine.
- Prendre un second pinceau ou bien nettoyer le premier.
- Passer la seconde zone (ici, jaune de cadmium ) en faisant très attention de ne pas déborder sur la première.
- Mélanger les deux couleurs sur la palette afin d’obtenir la teinte intermédiaire.
- Passer cette teinte intermédiaire (ici, un orange) à la frontière des deux premières couleurs pour assurer la transition.
- Selon l’effet recherché, il est possible d’attendre que les trois zones sèchent légèrement pour éviter une fusion trop importante.
- Retravaillez perpendiculairement la surface entre la zone médiane et une des couleurs extrêmes à l’aide d’un pinceau doux ou d’un pinceau éventail.
- Si vous n’avez qu’un seul pinceau, ne pas oublier de le nettoyer fréquemment.
- Travaillez maintenant l’autre cote de la zone médiane .
- Le résultat sera ce magnifique dégradé tricolore.
NOTE
Utiliser des pinceaux très propres pour évites de salir les couleurs.
Avantages des graduations
Elles aident le peintre à représenter les passages entre deux zones, par exemple entre la partie éclairée d’un objet et sa partie dans l’ombre.
Permettent de créer des contours flous sur des objets distants.
Conseils
- Utiliser des pinceaux très propres pour évites de salir les couleurs.
- Les deux bandes extrêmes ne doivent pas forcément être de la même largeur.
- Selon le type de dégradé désiré il est possible d’utiliser des brosses en poil de porcs qui laisseront les marques des poils ou des pinceaux en poil de martre qui permettront d’obtenir des dégradés très subtils.
- il est possible d’attendre que les trois zones sèchent légèrement pour éviter une fusion trop importante
- Pour un dégradé avec du blanc, bien attendre que les couleurs soient sèches avant de peindre dessus pour éviter des craquelures.
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